This system has also been used to prevent survey fraud and simplify land allocation for different purposes, such as schools and urban development. How Does the Government Survey System Work? The two reference lines drawn are called the Principal Meridian -a line running from north to south- and the Baseline -a line running from east to west.Two reference lines are drawn from the Fixed Point of Beginning -this is a surveyor's mark at a well-known landmark that serves as the starting location from which the baselines and principal meridians are drawn to survey the land.The government survey system describes real property using the following structure: From the Fixed Point of Beginning, parallel lines running east to west are drawn from the Baseline, while parallel lines running north to south are drawn from the Principal Meridian.These lines are called tiers (townships) and range lines, measuring approximately 6 miles each.An intersection between two range lines and two township lines forms a township.To locate a feature on the landscape using a land description, you need to work from the largest to the smallest part. Having highlighted the lines, their names, and their positions, let’s break things down by taking a quick example, using the coordinates “NW1/4 of NE1/4 of Section 8, T.2N., R.1E”.
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